本帖最后由 ping-wu 于 2013-7-5 06:27 编辑
我不确定所讲的就是这个,不过我先翻译一个项目:
英文版
Backporting software updates
Sometimes you might want to make new functionality available in a stable release which is not connected to a critical bug fix. For these scenarios you have two options: either you upload to a PPA or prepare a backport.
Personal Package Archive (PPA)
Using a PPA has a number of benefits. It is fairly straight-forward, you don’t need approval of anyone, but the downside of it is that your users will have to manually enable it. It is a non-standard software source.
The PPA documentation on Launchpad is fairly comprehensive and should get you up and running in no time.
Official Ubuntu Backports
The Backports Project is a means to provide new features to users. Because of the inherent stability risks in backporting packages, users do not get backported packages without some explicit action on their part. This generally makes backports an inappropriate avenue for fixing bugs. If a package in an Ubuntu release has a bug, it should be fixed either through the Security Update or the Stable Release Update process, as appropriate.
Once you determined you want a package to be backported to a stable release, you will need to test-build and test it on the given stable release. pbuilder-dist (in the ubuntu-dev-tools package) is a very handy tool to do this easily.
To report the backport request and get it processed by the Backporters team, you can use the requestbackport tool (also in the ubuntu-dev-tools package). It will determine the intermediate releases that package needs to be backported to, list all reverse-dependencies, and file the backporting request. Also will it include a testing checklist in the bug.
中文版初稿
软件更新的向后移植
有时你可能想使新的功能可以在一个稳定版本里使用,但是这个新功能又不牵涉到关键错误的修复。对于这些情况,你有两个选择:要么你上传到PPA或经过一个叫向后移植(backports)的程序。
个人封装存档(PPA)
使用PPA有很多好处。它是相当直接的,你不需要任何人的批准,但它的缺点是你的用户将必须手动启用它。这是一个非标准的软件源。
Launchpad上有关PPA的文档是相当全面的,应该让你很快的就能进入状况。
Ubuntu官方的Backports(向后移植)项目
Backports项目是一种为用户提供新功能的手段。由于向后移植有它一定的风险,用户没有做一些明确的行动是无法得到backported包的,因此一般向后移植并不是修复bug的好方法。如果Ubuntu发行版中的软件包有错误,它应该视情形经过”Security Update" 或 "Stable Release Update"来修复。
一旦你确定你要把一个软体包向后移植到一个稳定的版本,您将需要装一个测试包然后在所定的稳定版本上做测试。pbuilder-dist (在Ubuntu-dev-tools软体包里)是一个将这个过程简化非常方便的工具。
要提出向后移植的请求然后让Backporters团队处理后续事宜时,您可以使用requestbackport的工具(也在Ubuntu-dev-tools软体包里)。这个工具会决定该软件包必须向后移植的中间版本,列出所有的反向依赖件,并正式提出向后移植的请求。这个bug(正式请求)也会包括一个测试清单。 |